Subhas Chandra Bose and the Fascists

Bose in Indian Psyche

Indians respect Bose a lot, but then let us also accept the fact that we are hero worshipers and look for heroes everywhere. One reason is that we have had very few victors who could be role models for Indians down the last 900 years. What I am going to write emerged after a  discussion with a well known History professor of a leading University, who incidentally is a school mate of mine. He has written books, but its not appropriate to take his name here.  I will however give his view which is also incidentally mine own. 

Bose and Hitler

Bose first went to Germany to seek the help of Hitler in the liberation of India. Germany was a Fascist state which believed in racial theory of superiority of the German race. Hitler in his " Mien Kampf" ( My Struggle) has opined that British rule was good for India as Indians were not capable of self government. He had nothing but contempt for Indians. Just see that Bose landed in Germany in April 1941 and repeatedly requested for a audience with Hitler, but Hitler had no time for him and kept him waiting for over a year, before he met him in 1942. This was the importance that Hitler attached to Bose.

Fascists Policies

Another fact worth pondering is that any country like France, Russia or Greece conquered by Hitler's army were not given any freedom of any type. They were made colonies and repression was let loose as the Nazi looted these nations. For arguments sake if Hitler had invaded India, would he have given any freedom to the people who he held in contempt? It's naive to think that Hitler would have brought freedom to India.

Bose and Japan

Coming to Japan. It was also a imperialist state with Fascist leanings and  believing that  the Japanese race  was superior to all others. They behaved in a similar manner as the Germans and when they occupied China, they let loose a terrible oppression. They set up an independent republic of Munchkow under the last emperor of China Pu Yi,  but he was just a puppet. The Japanese controlled China and inflicted terrible atrocities. One has read about the rape of Nanking when the Imperial army raped and killed over a million Chinese. This is a fact of history. Incidentally they had promised freedom to the Chinese and talked of a co -prosperity sphere. Where did it go?

In other countries of SE Asia which they occupied their conduct was terrible. They carried out mass scale massacres in the Philippines and Malaya. In Burma they turned on the Burmese national Army led by Ne Win and despite occupying Burma, gave no freedom to the Burmese people.

Japanese and Andaman islands

The Japanese  occupied and were supposed to have given " freedom" to the Andaman Islands in 1942. But there was only a nominal head from the Indian National army and power was in the hands of the Japanese army. The massacres of Indians in the Andaman islands are well known. Worse when Bose visited  Port Blair in 1944, Indian wanted to apprise  Bose of the atrocities of the Japanese army, but he turned a blind eye so intent he was in capturing Delhi.

Let us also understand that Bose could not cause any defection of any great magnitude in the Indian army. If figures have a meaning 2.5 million Indians fought for the English, but the INA had only 40,000 soldiers at the maximum.( Just 2 divisions). These divisions were also not properly equipped by the Japanese with tanks and guns as they never trusted the INA. One cannot forget that the INA commander General Mohan Singh was imprisoned by the Japanese in an island off Rangoon, when he differed with them.

Last word

Keeping their occupation of China in mind and the treatment of Pu Yi and other places in SE Asia, where is the chance that if they had conquered India, they would have given freedom to Indians and Bose? More likely Bose would have been "bumped" off as they did to so many other leaders, Bose was thus naive, that he would be leading India  to freedom on the backs of the Japanese and the Germans.  Both nations were worse imperialists and the English and Gandhi realised this. That is the reason he declared that he would never support Fascism. It is on record, that Gandhi was aware that the fascists would never give India freedom.

The end of Bose

So what about Subhash Bose? We have romantic notions about him, but the great historian William Duff dismisses him as a man of no consequence in world history. There is no doubt that Bose seriously miscalculated  by joining the Fascist powers. That was his undoing and for that reason Stalin did not forgive him. There is ample evidence that he escaped to Russia and was imprisoned there and finally died a POW. This is a sad tale, but History means learning from the past and Bose did a blunder by joining the Fascists. In that respect Gandhi realised the danger better  and went against them. In a way he supported the British war effort.  All said and done, I also admire the courage of Bose, but its a good thing the Japanese did not win, otherwise a worse tyranny would have been imposed on India. Was Bose a Japanese stooge ? Justice Katju former Judge of the Supreme court thinks so, one may or may not agree with him..

Subhas Bose May Have Died in a Russian Prison

The mystery of Bose is getting murkier and murkier. the Congress government headed by Nehru played a dubious game and tried its best to get the truth suppressed. In this entire case the role of Nehru demands scrutiny as he was the star player in this sordid drama.
Let it be understood that Nehru was not as popular as Bose and in case Bose was around Nehru would have been in retirement. Thus Nehru had a mortal feat of Bose and he could have been part of a sordid drama to get Bose executed. I use these strong words because Nehru may have allowed Bose to languish in a Russian prison and prevailed on the Soviets not to let him come back to India.

Bose is supposed to have died in 1945 in an air crash in Taipei. But the Taiwanese say on the day of the purported crash no aircraft crashed in Taiwan, So the plane crash theory is a myth. There are other startling facts though these are uncorroborated. There is supposed to a letter written by Nehru to Clement Attlee that Bose ( to who he refers to as your war criminal) has been given entry to Russia by Stalin. This information is given by the PA of the prime minister who typed the letter.. No copy is available of this letter though one may be in the British archives.

Nehru also ordered that the family of Bose be kept under surveillance  and this continued for 20 years after the death of Bose. There is enough evidence available as also the findings of the Justice Mukherjee commission which confirmed  that Bose did not die in the air crash for there was none. Nehru may have fabricated this in the hope that Bose will cease to exist. At the same time he brought pressure to bear on Russia through England to keep Bose in Russia. In 1945 Russia and the UK were allies. He obviously knew that Bose had escaped to Russia.

It is a pity that India's greatest hero was thus sidelined by a man who has now a lot to answer ro the Indian people. Bose probably escaped to Russia and was taken to Moscow. There he may or may not have met Stalin, but the Russian dictator probably imprisoned Bose and later sent him to Siberia, where he died.

Why did Stalin imprison him? these reasons can only come out after the achieves of the KGB are opened  as well Indian files de -classified. The fact is Bose did go to Russia but as he was a friend of Hitler, di nit gel with Stalin. Nehru probably knew about it and kept quiet and  helped propagate the myth that Bose died in an air crash. He wanted to save his chair. Its all very sad, but the facts must come out.
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Gandhi and Clash with Bose: Opposite Idiologies

Gandhi for all his title of 'Mahatma' was in reality a hard boiled politician. He had nurtured a policy of Ahimsa or non violence and he was loathe to let anyone oppose it. This policy was not confined to his personal life, but he enforced it with an iron will on the Congress party. Subhas Bose was a fiery politician from Bengal who had directly opposite views to Gandhi. Whereas Gandhi believed in non-violence and Satyagrah to throw out the British, Bose believed in more aggressive methods including going to war. He was of the view that shaking hands with the devil was not a bad thing if it ousted the British. That made him incline to Germany and Hitler. Gandhi opposed this tooth and nail and had already given his tacit assent for the Raj by condemning Hitler and Nazi rule. In the famous Lahore session of 1939 the clash between the two came to the fore. Bose had a large backing in the Congress party itself and in the Presidential election of that year he defeated Gandhi's nominee and protege Sitaramiah by a wide margin. Gandhi was aghast at the defeat of his nominee and he saw in Bose a threat to his leadership and philosophy.

Gandhi above all was a politician and he at once along with Nehru decided that Bose must be removed as Congress president. All this makes pretty sad reading now and is brought out in Leonard Mosley's book'The last days of the British Raj'. Gandhi started a unique method to oppose Bose. He declared along with his confident Nehru that there will be co-operation with Bose. He started complete non-cooperation with Bose and this frustrated Bose no end as Gandhi and Nehru would not reply or answer anything Bose asked or proposed.

Bose saw the game of Gandhi and he resigned as Congress party President. The rest is history as Bose charted a dangerous course and sided with Hitler and japan. But Gandhi remained steadfast in his opposition to Bose.